Effective Prevention Strategies

The Training Center has created a framework for understanding the effective prevention strategies that are available to prevent underage alcohol use. The framework divides strategies into four types that can be seen as interrelated pieces of the prevention puzzle.

The four types of strategies in the prevention puzzle include:

  • Limitations on access to alcohol (link to description of this type of strategy)
  • Expressions of community norms against underage use (link to description of this type of strategy)
  • Impaired driving prevention (link to description of this type of strategy)
  • School-based prevention strategies (link to description of this type of strategy)

Types of Strategies

Strategies that limit access to alcohol by youth are some of the most powerful and well-documented approaches to reducing underage drinking and related problems. Examples:

  • Enforcement of minimum purchase age laws, including the vigorous use of compliance checks.
  • Strategies aimed at reducing the social availability to alcohol, including key registration laws.
  • Improvement of laws related to minimum purchase age, including improving the laws regarding minors in possession of alcohol.
  • Controls on availability in general, such as increasing the price of alcoholic beverages through excise taxes.
Strategies designed to express a community norm against underage use are less well supported by specific evaluations but are thought to be powerful approaches, especially as adjuncts to other efforts. Examples:

  • Prohibitions or controls on alcohol use at community events or in public areas
  • Prohibition of alcohol sponsorship of public events (e.g., a beer company sponsoring a boat race)
  • Media campaigns, media advocacy, and counteradvertising
Some prevention strategies usually applied in schools have been shown to have some effect on underage drinking. Examples:

  • School policies regarding alcohol on school property or at school sponsored-events (These policies are especially important in high schools, but are even more important in colleges and universities.)
  • Media literacy programs to make youth more sophisticated about the manipulative techniques of advertisers
One of the most serious and immediate consequences of underage drinking is traffic crashes that result from impaired driving. Young drivers, who are less experienced and less mature, are especially vulnerable to the effects of even low levels of alcohol. The combination of drinking and driving for this group is too often fatal. Fortunately, there are a number of highly effective strategies to reduce impaired driving. While these strategies have not been shown to affect drinking per se, they are extremely important (and effective) in reducing the negative consequences of underage drinking. Examples:

  • Establishment and enforcement of “zero tolerance” laws for drivers under 21
  • Sobriety checkpoints for impaired drivers
  • Vigorous and well-publicized enforcement of impaired driving laws

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